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REFRACTIVE SURGERY Common Eye Conditions Myopia (Near sightedness) Nearsightedness is when light entering the eye is focused incorrectly, making distant objects appear blurred. Nearsightedness is a type of refractive error wherein image is formed in front of the retina. This is due to the cornea being overly curved, or the eyeball too long. If you are nearsighted, you have trouble seeing things that are far away. Hyperopia (Far sightedness) Farsightedness is greater difficulty seeing near objects than distant objects. Farsightedness is a type of a refractive error wherein image is formed behind the retina. It may be caused by the eyeball being too small or the focusing power being too weak. If you are farsighted, you have trouble seeing near objects than far. It may be accompanied by eye strain or headache when reading. Astigmatism Astigmatism is a refractive error wherein light is not focused at a single point but in a spread of points producing a blurred image. If you have astigmatism you may have blurry vision both near or far, or images may be distorted in high degrees of astigmatism. It is caused by an irregularly shaped cornea or lens. Presbyopia Presbyopia is a condition in which the lens of the eye loses its ability to focus, making it difficult to see objects up close. This usually occurs in people over 40. Vision Correction Options For people who want less dependence on glasses and/or contact lenses to correct their refractive error, the following treatment options can be considered. LASIK (Laser in situ keratomilieusis) This is a laser assisted technique wherein a corneal flap is created using either a specialized blade called a microkeratome, or in cases of bladeless LASIK, a femtosecond laser. After lifting the corneal flap, the excimer laser is used to reshape the cornea aiming to correct the refractive error. LASIK is effective for low to high degrees of myopia up to 1500, astigmatism of up to 600 degrees and low to moderate hyperopia. LASIK has the advantage of already seeing well within the day, less discomfort and no haze formation in the future. PRK (Photorefractive keratectomy) This is a laser assisted technique wherein the outer layer of the cornea (epithelium) is removed then an excimer laser is used to reshape the cornea aiming to correct the refractive error. PRK is suitable to correct low to moderate degrees of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. It is suitable for people engaging in contact sports. Phakic intraocular lens This is a surgical procedure suitable for very high myopia and thin corneas wherein an intraocular lens is placed on top of the patient’s natural lens. The lens is designed to stay in the eye for a lifetime but can be removed if the patient develops cataract later in life. |
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